All You Need to Know About Calculus Bovis (Niu-Huang)
All You Need to Know About Calculus Bovis (Niu-Huang) Calculus Bovis, commonly known as Niu-Huang (牛黄) in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ingredient with a long history of use in Asia. It is highly valued for its purported medicinal properties and has been used for centuries in both TCM and traditional Korean and Japanese medicine. This comprehensive guide will cover its origin, properties, production, pharmacological effects, uses, safety, and contemporary applications. 1. What Is Calculus Bovis? Definition Calculus Bovis , also referred to as "ox bezoar," is a gallstone obtained from the bile ducts or gallbladders of cattle, specifically oxen or cows. It is prized in TCM for its medicinal value, particularly in formulations addressing heat-related conditions and toxins in the body. Nomenclature Chinese: 牛黄 ( Niu-Huang ) Japanese: 牛黄 ( Gyūō ) Korean: 우황 ( Uhwang ) Latin: Calculus Bovis Other Names: Ox bezoar, bovine calculus Natural vs. Artificial Ca...